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A comparative, double-blind, triple crossover Net Nitrogen Utilization study examined 66 subjects given the amino acid formula of Master Amino Acid Pattern (the basis for OptimalAmino®), the amino acid formula of hen whole-egg protein, and hen whole-egg protein itself during a twelve-week period.
The results demonstrated that this optimal amino acid formula provides a Net Nitrogen Utilization (NNU) equivalent to 99%, meaning 99% of its constituent amino acids acted as precursors of the body’s protein synthesis and only 1% generated energy and nitrogen catabolites.
Lucà-Moretti, M. A Comparative, Double-blind, Triple Crossover Net Nitrogen Utilization Study Confirms the Discovery of the Master Amino Acid Pattern. The Annals of the Royal National Academy of Medicine of Spain — Volume CXV — Second Issue — Madrid, 1998.